Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VIs Queen

Margaret of Anjou (March 23, 1429–August 25, 1482) was the queen consort of Henry VI of England and a leader of the Lancastrian side in the  Wars of the Roses  (1455–1485), a series of battles for the English throne between the houses of York and Lancaster, both of which descended from Edward III.  Her marriage to the ineffectual, mentally unbalanced Henry VI was arranged as part of a truce in another conflict, the  Hundred Years’ War between  France  and England.  Margaret appears many times in William Shakespeares history plays. Fast Facts: Margaret of Anjou Known For: Henry VIs queen and a fierce partisanAlso Known As: Queen MargaretBorn: March 23, 1429, probably in Pont-à  -Mousson,  FranceParents: Renà © I, Count  of  Anjou; Isabella, duchess of LorraineDied: Aug. 25, 1482 in Anjou province, FranceSpouse: Henry VIChild: Edward Early Life Margaret of Anjou was born on March 23, 1429, probably in Pont-à  -Mousson,  France, in the Lorraine region. She was raised in the chaos of a family feud between her father and her fathers uncle in which her father, Renà © I, Count  of  Anjou and King of Naples and Sicily, was imprisoned for some years. Her mother Isabella, duchess of Lorraine in her own right, was well educated for her time. Because Margaret spent much of her childhood in the company of her mother and her fathers mother, Yolande of Aragon, Margaret was well educated as well. Marriage to Henry VI On April 23, 1445, Margaret married Henry VI of England. Her marriage to Henry was arranged by William de la Pole, later duke of Suffolk, part of the Lancastrian party in the Wars of the Roses. The marriage defeated plans by the House of York, the opposing side, to find a bride for Henry. The wars were named many years afterward from the symbols of the contending parties: the white rose of York and the red of Lancaster. The king of France negotiated Margarets marriage as part of the Truce of Tours, which gave control of Anjou back to France and provided for peace between England and France, temporarily suspending the fighting known later as the Hundred Years War. Margaret was crowned at Westminster Abbey. Henry had inherited his crown when he was an infant, becoming king of England and claiming kingship of France. The French dauphin Charles was crowned as Charles VII with the aid of Joan of Arc in 1429, and Henry had lost most of France by 1453. During Henrys youth, he had been educated and raised by Lancastrians while the duke of York, Henrys uncle, held the power as protector. Margaret played a significant role in her husbands reign, responsible for raising taxes and for match-making among the aristocracy. In 1448, she founded Queens College, Cambridge. Birth of an Heir In 1453, Henry was taken ill with what has usually been described as a bout of insanity; Richard, duke of York, again became protector. But Margaret of Anjou gave birth to a son, Edward, on Oct. 13, 1451, and the duke of York was no longer heir to the throne. Rumors later surfaced—useful to the Yorkists—that Henry was unable to father a child and that Margarets son must be illegitimate. Wars of the Roses Begin After Henry recovered in 1454, Margaret became involved in Lancastrian politics, defending her sons claim as the rightful heir. Between different claims to succession and the scandal of Margarets active role in leadership, the Wars of the Roses began at the battle of St. Albans in 1455. Margaret took an active role in the struggle. She outlawed the Yorkist leaders in 1459, refusing recognition of York as Henrys heir. In 1460, York was killed. His son Edward, then duke of York and later Edward IV, allied with Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, as leaders of the Yorkist party. In 1461, the Lancastrians were defeated at Towton. Edward, son of the late duke of York, became king. Margaret, Henry, and their son went to Scotland; Margaret then went to France and helped arrange French support for an invasion of England, but the forces failed in 1463. Henry was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1465. Warwick, called Kingmaker, helped Edward IV in his initial victory over Henry VI. After a falling out with Edward, Warwick changed sides and supported Margaret in her cause to restore Henry VI to the throne, which they succeeded in doing in 1470. Warwicks daughter Isabella Neville was married to George, duke of Clarence, son of the late Richard, duke of York. Clarence was the brother of Edward IV and also brother of the next king, Richard III. In 1470, Warwick married (or perhaps formally betrothed) his second daughter Anne Neville to Edward, prince of Wales, son of Margaret and Henry  VI, so both Warwicks bases were covered. Defeat and Death Margaret returned to England on April 14, 1471, and on the same day, Warwick was killed at Barnet. In May 1471, Margaret and her supporters were defeated at the battle of Tewkesbury, where Margaret was taken prisoner and her son Edward was killed. Soon afterward her husband, Henry VI, died in the Tower of London, presumably murdered. Margaret was imprisoned in England for five years. In 1476, the king of France paid a ransom to England for her, and she returned to France, where she lived in poverty until her death on Aug. 25, 1482, in Anjou. Legacy As Margaret and later Queen Margaret, Margaret of Anjou has played major roles in various fictional accounts of the tumultuous era. She is a character in four of William Shakespeares plays, all three Henry VI plays and Richard III. Shakespeare compressed and changed events, either because his sources were incorrect or for the sake of the literary plot, so Margarets representations in Shakespeare are more iconic than historical. The queen, a fierce fighter for her son, her husband, and the House of Lancaster, was described as such in Shakespeares The Third Part of King Henry VI: She-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France, Whose tongue more poisons than the adders tooth Always strong-willed and ambitious, Margaret was relentless in her efforts to secure the crown for her son, but she ultimately failed. Her fierce partisanship embittered her enemies, and the Yorkists didnt hesitate to allege that her son was a bastard. Sources Margaret of Anjou. Encyclopedia.com.Margaret of Anjou: Queen of England. Encyclopedia Britannica.Margaret of Anjou. New World Encyclopedia.10 Facts About Margaret of Anjou. Historyhit.com.

Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance A Cultural Experience...

Poetry has the power to teach people new things and change their perspectives on life. When authors realize the power of their poetry it is a revolutionary thing because they are then able to teach people through their poetry. In many poems the reader is able to get a sense of the culture that the author grew up in. This teaches people a lot about the past and about what people in the past had to face. When America was young nation slavery was a common thing. People were brought over from Africa and forced to do labor on plantations in the south. There was a whole population of people in the United States that was mistreated and honestly did not belong anywhere. They were not considered citizens of the U.S. and this created a huge problem†¦show more content†¦For many slaves all that they knew of their history was what they were told about from their grandparents and parents. To many these stories were all that they had to link them back to a time when they were free to liv e their lives. Many slaves did not even know anything about their past. All many slaves knew was the horrible lives that they were forced to live on the plantations in the South. In both of their poems the readers gains a sense of longing for what they were never able to experience. They want to go back to the time where they were free to do what they wanted in a land that truly belonged to them. History was very important to them because it gave them something to dream about, and let them know that what was happening to them was not okay, and that was not how life had always had been. From Hughes poems readers get a sense of the emotions and longings that many slaves experienced. â€Å"There are words like freedom sweet and wonderful to say. On my heart-strings freedom sings all day everyday.† To many people in America freedom is something that they feel they are entitled to because America is supposed to be the land of the free. Today that is true for all Americans but a lo ng time ago freedom meant so much more than it was today.Show MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Harlem Renaissance represents the rebirth and flowering of African-American culture. Although the Harlem Renaissance was concentrated in the Harlem district of New York City, its legacy reverberated throughout the United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, dramaRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1219 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem renaissance is an artistic revolutionary period that took place between 1917 and 1937. This was after the First World War. Harlem was a district in New York. The Harlem renaissance impacted the social, cultural as well as artistic aspects of the black community. Many black people were encouraged to flee the southern sides where the caste system continued to oppress the black people. 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The Harlem RenaissanceRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’

Nurse discharge planning and Risk Assessment

Question: Describe about the article the role of the Australian Registered Nurse in the discharge planning process. Briefly outline how discharge planning in the acute care setting may maximise health and minimise costs? Answer: Summary This article analyse s primarily the elements which tend to improve or restrict the role of the Australian nurses in the discharge planning process practice. Through the examination of this article the researcher intends to identify the role of the registered nurses in this sphere and also examine how this process of discharge planning tends to maximize the health care and in return minimize the costs. The planning of discharge is generally commenced during the admission done by the nurses who are the ones who play a very significant role to improve the outcome of the patients. The nurses are also supposed to follow proper policies for the effective discharge of the patients. In order to reduce the expenses in relation to this issue and to enhance the health of the patients it is necessary that these policies are followed. Research has shown that the policy of discharge planning is comparatively very low with regard to the general awareness that is related to quality of the patients which comes out in the result. There are a number of roles that is involved in the procedures of discharge planning. This involves the inclusion of the multidisciplinary team of workers for taking proper care of the patients in the acute care settings. However, proper care with regard to discharge planning policies can be taken only when patient factors and time spent in dealt with. Additionally, the proper policies are to be abided by nurses in this process. For the nurses to carry out proper discharge planning procedure and to maintain the proper health of the patients as well as reduce the costs associated with it, it is necessary to adopt better policies which will be able to handle the unpredictable illness and trajectories. The entire process of discharge planning that starts with the preparation of checklist to the final discharge is important for the safe transition of the patients. In order to maintain this, the nurses in the acute care setting are required to be of greater understanding. Further greater inclusion of the discharge planning activities is also required. These nurses who are included in developing and implementing these discharge procedures should be given more training and education and periodical feedbacks should be taken. Hence it can be stated that in order to ensure that the discharge planning procedures are proper, the work is conducted in the manner which would increase healthy manner of living for the patients and in return reduce the costs, it is necessary that the nurses are able to carry out their proper work. For that matter, it is necessary that the nurses are trained in that fashion. As concluding remarks the article states that from the research it is evident that the acute nurses are required to examine the final responsibility that they have in the coordination of the discharge plan of the acute care plan. This research also further ensures that when the responsibility of discharge planning is given to all the responsibility finally is not conducted by anyone. When making any changes to discharge planning process the outlook of the acute care nurses needs to be well coordinated. Reference Graham, J., Gallagher, R. and Bothe, J. (2013). Nurses' discharge planning and risk assessment: behaviours, understanding and barriers.J Clin Nurs, 22(15-16), pp.2338-2346